Remarks: Tropheus are obligate herbivores, and even small amounts of protein can induce bloating conditions. They form social hierarchies and should be kept in large groups, about 10 or more, to spread out any aggression. Tropheus tend to be more peaceful toward non-conspecific species so they can do well in a large Tanganyikan community tank.

  Juvenile black kaiser II (Tropheus sp. "Black Kaiser II") have alternating yellow-green and brown bands, but as they mature they develop the thick yellow saddle pictured here.